{"id":172,"date":"2021-10-06T21:49:57","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T21:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/?page_id=172"},"modified":"2026-04-02T04:57:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T04:57:43","slug":"lecture-materials","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/?page_id=172","title":{"rendered":"Lecture notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The lecture notes below present material not often covered in typical linguistics courses. These lecture notes are designed to be approachable for students in relevant courses. These lecture notes can be used as supplemental readings for students, and instructors may also find them helpful for their own background preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each document is tagged with its intended target course in <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[blue square brackets]<\/span>:<br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[intro]<\/span> = a typical general introduction to linguistics<br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonetics]<\/span> = a dedicated phonetics course covering articulatory and acoustic phonetics<br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonology]<\/span> = a dedicated phonology course covering rules, representations, and syllable structure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For each document, you can click on <strong>view<\/strong> to open the document as a PDF in your browser, and you can click on the corresponding <strong>Download<\/strong> button to download the PDF directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sex and gender<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Sex, gender, and variability in the vocal tract<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonetics]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-sex-gender-vocal-tract.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-sex-gender-vocal-tract.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Social biases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The complexity of language perception: Social information and biases<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[intro]<br>[phonetics]<br>[phonology]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-social-bias-perception.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-social-bias-perception.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signed language phonetics and phonology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Introductory background on signed languages<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[intro]<br>[phonetics]<br>[phonology]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-1249625a-44af-47cf-b8e2-6ea7b7bba77e\" href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-1.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-1249625a-44af-47cf-b8e2-6ea7b7bba77e\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Signed language articulation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[intro]<\/span><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonetics]<\/span><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><br>[phonology]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-191ed326-65f8-496d-b9d9-aaf11b3d8f4d\" href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-2.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-191ed326-65f8-496d-b9d9-aaf11b3d8f4d\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Signed language description and notation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[intro]<br>[phonetics]<br>[phonology]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-52abe498-5966-4b31-aaf8-1b5032459ef9\" href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-3.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-3.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-52abe498-5966-4b31-aaf8-1b5032459ef9\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Signed language perception<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonetics]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-4.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-4.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Signed language phonology<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">[phonology]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-5.pdf\">view<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/LEDIR-signed-lgs-5.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The lecture notes below present material not often covered in typical linguistics courses. These lecture notes are designed to be approachable for students in relevant courses. These lecture notes can be used as supplemental readings for students, and instructors may also find them helpful for their own background preparation. Each document is tagged with its [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-172","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=172"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":674,"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/172\/revisions\/674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledir.ling.utoronto.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}